Legal Med - part 1 ( to be arranged )

HILT MARK

- Finding in a stab wound that makes it possible to determine the knife’s length.














BLUNT INSTRUMENT

- Contusion ( Blood clot )
- Hematoma ( deep-seated blood clot )
- Laceration ( opening of skin )

SHARP INSTRUMENTS

- Sharp-edged ( incised wound )
- Sharp-pointed ( punctured wound )
- Sharp-edged and Sharp-pointed ( stab wound )










CLOSED WOUND

- No breach in the continuity of the skin or mucous membrane


OPEN WOUND

- With break in the continuity of the skin or mucous membrane

PATTERNED WOUND

- Wound assumes the shape of the offending instrument

DEFENSE WOUND

- Wounds sustained by the victim while parrying the thrusts of the assailant in an attempt to defend himself. Always found on the extremities of the victim.

HESITATION CUTS OR TEST CUTS

- Found commonly among

ABRASION
- Scratch, graze, impression mark, friction mark



RUBOR – Redness
CALOR – Heat/ it will swell
DOLOR – Pain
FUNCTIO LAIZZA – Loss of function
BAROTRAUMA
– Change of atmospheric pressure
– Suffering in the lungs

COUP- Fracture is where the force is applied
CONTRE COUP – Opposite direction
COUP-CONTRE-COUP – Injury at the side and opposite side i.e. elevator accident
LOCUS MINORIS RESISTENCIA – i.e. hitted at forehead causing black-eye
EXTENSIVE INJURIES – Body parts are totally crushed or destroyed i.e. train accidents.
FIST CLOSED – Fugilistic attitudes

EUTHANASIA “Mercy Killing”

- Deliberate and painless acceleration of death of a person suffering from an incurable and distressing disease

ADRENAL – True sits of emotion. Heart is just a manifestation.

Christian Barnard - World’s first successful heart transplant.

Q: Who determine brain death?
A: “ Two Physician Rule” – For transplants : 2 Physicians plus one Neurologust or Neurosurgeon


RIGHT TO DIE

- “TRIAD of CONSENT”
- May be invoked by the patient through a:
Living Will
Donor Card or any
Legal Document


DEATHS WHICH BELONGS TO THE STATE UNTIL & AFTER AUTOPSY IS CONDUCTED: VASUSU

Violent
Accidental
Suspicious
Undetermined
Suicidal
Unattended


“LIVING WILL”

- Mandate addressed to the Doctor
- May be executed by any person 18 yrs or over with a sound mind.
- If under 18, must be with parental consent.
- Binding as a mandatory directive written in a PUBLIC INSTRUMENT, unless there is actual notice of contrary intention.
- Or by the next-of-kin in the order of hierarchy called the “LEGAL SURROGATE”


PEOPLE VS. CAMPUHAN

- Favored Acts of Lasciviousness over RAPE
- Mere touching of Labia Minora is not enough. Clearly it must be shown that there was an “animus” to penetrate.

PEOPLE VS. CONDE

- A woman in her deep sleep is considered unconscious

STATE VS. LUNG

- Use of CANTHARIDES to incite the victim’s passion, there is NO DEPRECIATION of reason hence physical access does not constitute rape.

SILVANO VS. CA

- The use of tongue or finger upon the genitals shall constitute “OBJECT RAPE”


PEOPLE VS. BALLARAN
- Abuse of confidence is aggravating
- One crime of rape where several acts were committed on the same woman by the same offender on one occasion.


PEOPLE VS. BLANCE

- The character of the victim is immaterial if the crime of rape is committed by force or intimidation.


WOMAN CAN BE CONVICTED OF RAPE:

Principal by inducement
Indispensable cooperation
Co-conspirator
Sexual Assault


AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES IN RAPE:

Victim is under 18 yrs of age and the offender is a person of moral ascendancy over the victim.
When by reason or on occasion of rape, the victim has suffered permanent physical mutilation or disability.
When rape is committed in full view of the spouse, children, parent, children or third degree relative.
Offender knowingly harbors HIV or any other STD and such disease is transmitted to the victim.
When committed by any member of the AFP, paramilitary, PNP or any law enforcement agency or penal institution, when the offender took advantage of his position; victim is under custody of the police or military authorities or any law enforcement or penal institution;
When offender knew of the pregnancy of the victim;
When victim is of religious calling or vocation and is personally known to be such by the offender before or at the time of commission.
When the offender knew of the mental disability, emotional disorder and/or physical handicap of the victim.
Victim is below 7 yrs of age.


POLYGRAPH RESULT

- Inadmissible-persuasive

WORD ASSOCIATION MACHINE

- Deception-detection devises measures the “time” of response


INDEX OF BRAIN DEATH

Absence of deep reflexes
pupils dilated
flat electroencephalogram
absence of heart and lung activity


LEGAL DEATH VS. MEDICAL DEATH

- Legal death is a precise event while medical death is continous

CARBON MONOXIDE

- gas commonly employed in execution by gas chamber

PASSIVE EUTHANASIA

- Mode of euthanasia where victim is deprived of food and medicine


BURKING

- Type of asphyxia where killing is done by one guy sitting on the victim’s chest and the other guy covering the nose and the mouth.


NEW AMENDMENT TO RAPE:

- Fraudulent machination
- Sexual assault
- Grave abuse of authority


TRIAD OF VIRGINITY:

- tight vaginal wall
- prominent rugosities
- intact hymen with small orifice


1:85 million – Incidence of DNA repetition (mismatch) in the Philippines

PILOT-CO-PILOT

- Present controlling doctrine in a surgeon-anesthesiologist set-up

PRACTICE PARAMETERS AND GUIDELINES

- This doctrine protects the hospital from outside experts to challenge their standards.


SLUG

- this thing comes out of the muzzle of a gun first



CHAMPIGNON D’ OCUME

- bubble sin the lungs; (in drowning)

HYSOCINE HYDROBROMIDE

- Most common drug employed as “truth serum”

CHRISTIAN JORGENSEN

- First sex transplant

IMPRUDENCE

– a deficiency in action,
– falling to take the necessary precaution once they are foreseeable


RECKLESS IMPRUDENCE

- Consists in voluntary,
- without malice, doing or falling to do an act,
- from which material damage results
- by reason of inexcusable lack of precaution

NEGLIGENCE

- deficiency in perception
- or when the wrongful act may be avoided
- by paying proper attention and using due diligence in foreseeing them.



ASPHYXIA

- general term applied to all forms of violent death
- which results from the interference with the process of respiration
- condition in which the supply of oxygen to the blood or to the issues has been reduced below normal level

ANOXIC DEATH

- failure of the arterial blood to become normally saturated with oxygen


ANEMIC-ANOXIC DEATH

- due to decreased capacity of the heart to carry oxygen


STAGNANT ANOXIC DEATH

- brought about by the failure of circulation



HISTOTOXIC ANOXIC DEATH

- failure of the cellular oxidative process

CLASSIFICATION OF ASPHYXIA:

hanging
strangulation
drowning
inhalation of irrespirable gases
suffocation
traumatic crush.